- The US shifted to a retaliation policy against Iranian tankers, striking two state-owned vessels and about 100 IRGC targets.
- Iran responded by attacking a US base in Jordan, confirming continued military escalation around the Strait of Hormuz.
- Europe faces elevated winter gas-supply risk because the Iran-US war threatens energy availability and raises prices, especially if temperatures fall sharply.
- The conflict is also driving tighter economic pressure on Iran through sanctions and restrictions on oil exports and foreign-currency access.
Quotes
“A cold winter would leave Europe "challenged" due to the knock-on effect of the Iran-US war on energy supply shortages and higher prices”
“bought at least a month”